Perils of Texting Essay Example for Free

Perils of Texting Essay Cell phones have become a staple of modern society. Nearly everyone has them, and people carry and use them at all hours of the day. For the most part, this is a good thing: the benefits of staying connected at any time and at any location are considerable. But if you’re like most Americans, you may regularly talk on the phone or even text while at the wheel of a car. This dangerous behavior has resulted in increasing numbers of accidents and fatalities caused by cell phone usage. The trend shows no sign of slowing down. In 2003, a federal study of 10,000 drivers by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) set out to determine the effects of using cell phones behind the wheel. The results were conclusive: talking on the phone is equivalent to a 10- point reduction in IQ and a .08 blood alcohol level, which law enforcement considers intoxicated. Handsfree sets were ineffective in eliminating risk, the study found, because the conversation itself is what distracts drivers, not holding the phone. Cell phone use caused 955 fatalities and 240,000 accidents in 2002. Related studies indicated that drivers that talked on the phone while driving increased their crash risk fourfold, and drivers that texted while driving increased their crash risk by a whopping 23 times. Since that study, mobile device usage has grown by an order of magnitude, worsening this already dangerous situation. The number of wireless subscribers in America has increased by around 1,000 percent since 1995 to nearly 300 million overall in 2010, and Americans’ usage of wireless minutes increased by approximately 6,000 percent. This increase in cell phone usage has been accompanied by an upsurge in phone-related fatalities and accidents: In 2010, it’s estimated that texting caused 5,870 fatalities and 515,000 accidents, up considerably from prior years. These figures are roughly half of equivalent statistics for drunk driving. Studies show that drivers know that using the phone while driving is one of the most dangerous things you can do on the road, but refuse to admit that it’s dangerous when they themselves do it. Of users that text while driving, the more youthful demographic groups, such as the 18–29 age group, are by far the most frequent texters. About three quarters of Americans in this age group regularly text, compared to just 22 percent of the 35–44 age group. Correspondingly, the majority of accidents involving mobile device use behind the wheel involve young adults. Among this age group, texting behind  the wheel is just one of a litany of problems raised by frequent texting: anxiety, distraction, failing grades, repetitive stress injuries, and sleep deprivation are just some of the other problems brought about by excessive use of mobile devices. Teenagers are particularly prone to using cell phones to text because they want to know what’s happening to their friends and are anxious about being socially isolated. Analysts predict that over 800 billion text messages will be sent in 2010. Texting is clearly here to stay, and in fact has supplanted phone calls as the most commonly used method of mobile communication. People are unwilling to give up their mobile devices because of the pressures of staying con nected. Neurologists have found that the neural response to multitasking by texting while driving suggests that people develop addictions to the digital devices they use most, getting quick bursts of adrenaline, without which driving becomes boring. There are interests opposed to legislation prohibiting cell phone use in cars. A number of legislators believe that it’s not state or federal government’s role to prohibit poor decision making. Auto makers, and some safety researchers, are arguing that with the proper technology and under appropriate conditions, communicating from a moving vehicle is a manageable risk. Louis Tijerina, a veteran of the NHTSA and Ford Motor Co. researcher, notes that even as mobile phone subscriptions have surged to over 250 million during the past decade, the death rate from accidents on the highways has fallen. Nevertheless, lawmakers are increasingly recognizing the need for more powerful legislation barring drivers from texting behind the wheel. Many states have made inroads with laws prohibiting texting while operating vehicles. In Utah, drivers crashing while texting can receive 15 years in prison, by far the toughest sentence for texting while driving in the nation when the legislation was enacted. Utah’s law assumes that drivers understand the risks of texting while driving, whereas in other states, prosecutors must prove that the driver knew about the risks of texting while driving before doing so. Utah’s tough law was the result of a horrifying accident in which a speeding college student, texting at the wheel, rear-ended a car in front. The c ar lost control, entered the opposite side of the road, and was hit head-on by a pickup truck hauling a trailer, killing the driver instantly. In September 2008, a train engineer in California was texting within a minute prior to the most fatal train  accident in almost two decades. Californian authorities responded by banning the use of cell phones by train workers while on duty. In total, 31 states have banned texting while driving in some form, and most of those states have a full ban for phone users of all ages. The remaining states are likely to follow suit in coming years as well. President Obama also banned texting while driving for all federal government employees in October 2009. Still, there’s more work to be done to combat this dangerous and life-threatening practice. Sources: Paulo Salazar, â€Å"Banning Texting While Driving,† WCBI.com, August 7, 2010; Jerry Hirsch, â€Å"Teen Drivers Dangerously Divide Their Attention,† Los Angeles Times, August 3, 2010; www.drivinglaws. org, accessed July 2010; www.drivinglaws.org, accessed July 7, 2010; Matt Richtel, â€Å"Driver Texting Now an Issue in the Back Seat,† The New York Times, September 9, 2009; Matt Richtel, â€Å"Utah Gets Tough With Texting Drivers,† The New York Times, August 29, 2009; Matt Richtel, â€Å"In Study, Texting Lifts Crash Risk by Large Margin,† The New York Times, July 28, 2009; Matt Richtel, â€Å"D rivers and Legislators Dismiss Cellphone Risks,† The New York Times, July 19, 2009; Tom Regan, â€Å"Some Sobering Stats on Texting While Driving,† The Christian Science Monitor, May 28, 2009; Katie Hafner, â€Å"Texting May be Taking a Toll on Teenagers,† The New York Times, May 26, 2009; and Tara Parker-Pope, â€Å"Texting Until Their Thumbs Hurt,† The New York Times, May 26, 2009. Questions to be answered: 1. Which of the five moral dimensions of information systems identified is involved in this case? 2. What are the ethical, social, and political issues raised by this case? 3. Which of the ethical principles described are useful for decision making about texting while driving?

Free College Essays - Ideal Distraction in Knowles A Separate Peace :: A Separate Peace Essays

A Separate Peace  Ã‚   Ideal Distraction    A Separate Peace  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"It wasn’t the cider which made me surpass myself, it was this liberation we had torn from the gray encroachments of 1943, the escape we had concocted, this afternoon of momentary, illusory, special and a separate peace,† (128) reflects Gene Forrester after his carefree outing at the winter carnival. John Knowles in a Separate Peace uses an unusual plot to give the reader an illusionary sense of peace and security, found only at Devon, during a time of great war, through isolating specific idealistic moments from the sin and evil that encompasses them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author stresses certain events or moments in the story to deepen the illusion of peace and tranquility taking the reader further away from the real truth. Knowles uses Finny’s superior leadership skills to invent a summer game called Blitzball and conduct the winter carnival. Both of which were tools describing ideal moments used to distract the reader from reality that there is a battle being fought.   Another idyllic event Knowles uses to his advantage was when Gene found his rhythm, †Buoyed up, I forgot my usual feeling of routine self-pity when working out, I lost myself, oppresses mind along with aching body; all entanglements were shed, I broke into the clear.† (112) Utilizing this the author was able to divert the reader’s attention to the 1944 Olympic games and fool the audience into a false sense about the war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Not only actions mislead the audience but the feelings of the students as well. Mainly because of the inseparable bond between Gene and Finny,† I hope your having a pretty good time here. I know I kind of dragged you away at the point of the gun, but after all you can’t come    2    by yourself, and in this teen-age period in life the proper person is your best pal.† (40) From this Finny formed an idealistic bond between him and Gene.   Using this high to present a low, Knowles hides the evil truth going through Gene’s mind about his friend, thus enabling him to jounce Phineas from the tree without thinking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author illustrated his theme by placing certain words strategically in the novel to convince the reader that there was still peace. For instance Knowles uses the word Eden to give the audience a false picturesque landscape that resembled the watery shores.

Radio Shack Report

Executive Summary RadioShack Corporation is a popular electronic store within the United States of America. Within this report an assessment of RadioShack Corporation performance in the years 2004 to 2006 will be provided. This assessment looks on: * Changes in Chief Executive Officer (CEO) * The results of the changes in the CEO * The financial performance of RadioShack in the specified period * Managerial problems facing RadioShack in the specified period. From this report we hope to give a concise representation of what happened in RadioShack in the years2004-2006.As a group of consultants we aim to identify problems facing the company. Along with this we will provide solutions and recommendations to these problems based on our assessment. Introduction: Radio Shack is a consumer electronics goods and services retailer that operates about 4400 stores across the United States, Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands. Additionally, the company also operates about 800 non-branded kio sks (small booths) from which wireless handsets and accessories are sold. The firm’s headquarters is located in Fort Worth, Texas and as of 2006, there were approximately 40000 workers employed to the company.The case presented to the group highlights the problems faced by Radio Shack which started in the year 2004. The instability in the position of CEO and executive management of the firm, financial troubles, disgruntled employees and poor communication skills have been identified as the main problems which sought to wreak havoc throughout the firm. As consultants hired by the Radio Shack Company, our main objective would be to state, with clear reasoning, the core problems affecting the company, as well their appropriate solutions.In addition we would aim to devise suitable plans which would aid the company in moving forward. Along with this we will present recommendations which would foster better development and growth within the firm for the future. Background: Within t he years 2004-2006, RadioShack had undergone instability in upper management and poor financial performance. One reason for such instability is caused by the frequent changes in CEO’s. Over the period, three persons had the role as CEO. The first, Leonard Roberts left the position to join the board of members at RadioShack.The second, David Edmondson left due to his fake qualifications. The third was, Julian Day, who was employed by the Board of Members and the Executives to turn the company around (University of Nortedame, 2007). It is not beneficial to a company to have a critical position such as the CEO changed so frequently. Each person set different goals and have different ways of achieving them. Therefore, whenever there is a change in CEO the goals of the business change too. Hence, the company is affected as it has to stop and change its path whenever a new CEO takes over.This ultimately affects the immediate performance of the business. With the frequent change in CEO’s employees may become lazy in completing the task they were given. They may also become confused in regards to what to do. Others may even stop doing the task once they are informed that the CEO will be changed. Thus, this reduces the overall productivity of workers. Consumers too will be affected as their needs and wants are not being satisfied efficiently due to changes in the company. As a result, the company is now seen as inefficient as they fail to satisfy customer needs.The company is further affected as employees will have to be paid although the company is not earning. Poor communication skill is another issue which is a result from instability in upper management. Workers were unaware of the decisions to cut staff until after a press release. It was the managers at RadioShack that informed their team of the reduction and the medium that will be used (Joyce, 2006). As a result, employees questioned the company policies and began losing confidence in them.Also ma ny felt disrespected based on the medium used inform them of job cuts (Joyce, 2006). Discussion: Between the years 2004 – 2006, Radio Shack had a fully grown problem tree. This conclusion was made after carefully analyzing, deliberating and discussing the case at hand within the group. A number of issues were defined and can be characterized in the following groups: Leaves Inability to Motivate Employees Financial Instability Branches Poor Internal Control Poor Internal communication Bad Business Ethics Root Dysfunctional / Incompetent Top ManagementThese issues will be discussed in this section in the order in which they are defined. Leaves i. Financial Instability * RadioShack Corporation in comparison to its competitors is underperforming (University of Nortedame, 2007). Their net income is significantly low and lags behind competitors. * RadioShack saw stock prices closing at relatively low trading prices. ii. Inability to Motivate Employees Radio Shack lost the confidenc e of its workforce following a sudden press release made by Day. He announced the company’s action plan in moving forward to recovery.This action plan included firing hundreds of employees as a means to decrease expenses and improve its long-term competitive position in the market place (Poole, 2007). Branches iii. Poor Internal Control Radio Shack had undergone numerous executive changes. The most significant being the changes of CEO’s in a two year period. The one which stands out was that of David Edmonson who left the position after admitting he lied on his resume about two academic degrees which he did not have (University of Nortedame, 2007).This is a major issue as measures should have been in place to check all persons qualifications before hiring. 4. Poor Internal Communication Management had failed to inform employees that jobs were to be cut. Employees were informed internally after a sudden press release given by Julian Day in 2006. To not inform your emplo yees first of such job cut may lead to many feeling separate from the company (Poole, 2007). Also, this further affects the company performance as employees are caught up wondering if they will be fired rather than focusing on getting the job done. 5.Bad Business Ethics Most would agree that no matter the means of firing, the notion remains the same. It is best to fire someone face to face. Communication is a two way process and several instances RadioShack engaged in a one way communication process based on the approach to fire employees (Gaertner-Johnston, 2006) . Clearly Radio Shack ignored this and as a result they had disgruntled employees. The way in which the letter was written also shows poor business ethics. In Business School it is taught that when delivering bad news, the bad news should not be delivered first.RadioShack ignored this and gave the employees a concise email informing them that they were no longer needed. Root 6. Dysfunctional / Incompetent Top Management Th e core cause of all of Radio Shack’s problems was the inability of their top management team to effectively do their job. Had they been overseeing more efficiently by the Board of Members and executives these branches and leaves could have been avoided. Radio Shack had left the corporation solely in the hands of Julian Day. As a newly appointed executive, he was left totally in charge of the company’s turnaround plan.The board of directors and executives confidence may have been justified based on Julian day previous work. Nonetheless, they had failed to exercise their authority in incorporating the company values, claims and policies with Julian Day’s creative genius and business operating skills. Conclusion: In evaluating this case and highlighting the many issues, it is fair to say that RadioShack Corporation is not in a very secure financial position. This statement is made on the basis that they suffered from problems which include: †¢Inability to moti vate employees Financial instability †¢Poor internal control †¢Poor internal communication †¢Bad business ethics †¢Dysfunctional/ incompetent top management Improvements are therefore needed in these areas of the company if it is to survive and grow. In order to do this, RadioShack Corporation must first find solutions to their core problems. The core problems were identified to be poor internal communication, bad business ethics and dysfunctional/ incompetent top management. These problems are the root causes which all the other problems stemmed from.This case analysis basically provided justified issues that were evaluated and discussed as it relates to RadioShack Corporation. Recommendations: In order to alleviate some of these problems faced by RadioShack Corporation, the group of consultants generated some recommendations. Based on the findings in this case, it is recommended that: †¢In trying to rebuild a company that is in great financial depression, the manager should review all aspects of the business and work along with the current staff, rather than deciding to cut staff as the first objective.The management team at RadioShack Corporation should focus on their internal performance first in order to increase profitability and revive the finances of the business. †¢Another recommendation is that the board members should exercise their authority by ensuring that Julian Day ideas were ethical and stuck to the policies of the company when making major decisions. Bibliography: University of Nortedame. (2007). RadioShack Corporation: You’ve Got Mail. Mondoza College of Business. Joyce, A. (2007).Fired Via E-Mail And Other Tales Of Poor Exits. Retrieved November 8, 2012, from http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/09/AR2006090900103. html Poole, L. (2007). RadioShack lays off employees via e-mail. Retrieved November 8, 2012, from http://usatoday30. usatoday. com/tech/news/2006-08-30-radioshack-ema il-layoffs_x. htm Gaertner-Johnston, L. (2006). Fired by Email. Retrieved November 9th, from http://www. businesswritingblog. com/business_writing/2006/09/fired_by_email. ht

About white inherited privileges - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2130 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/30 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: White Privilege Essay Did you like this example? Source I The article talks about a white individual who basically explains he was born into a white family during the Apartheid era, which ensued in him becoming a recipient of white inherited privilege. This allowed him to receive an excellent education. But that he has not been capable to accumulate wealth or own land. That his voice and opinions are all he has, especially when living in a county like South Africa, which allows citizens to voice their opinions resulting in him being exposed to other peoples opinions about people of white decent. All the criticism has reached a point where one would think white people arent allowed to think or feel for themselves anymore, since they are painted to be nebulous, racist individuals. The review affects the individual on an emotional level, where he gets upset when he reads about how awful of a person he is, because he is white. The Apartheid era having left a mark on the soul of the citizens of South Africa, has caused that we view each other as races, and that wealth or poverty is defined by skin color, but not to forget it reflects a antiquity of oppression and injustice, where the perpetrators were not punished. Harm was committed and that cannot be undone with a vote or having an education or a job. The injustices committed cannot be indulged over by living next to all races and get on living in a nonracist society, because we live in such a society. We need to understand that anger follows, once we as humans experience pain. And as human beings the most hurtful thing is havi ng to witness loved ones being humiliated, or subjected to injustices and feeling disempowered to help. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "About white inherited privileges" essay for you Create order He even goes on to state that he too a white individual has been a victim and can relate to being hurt from a personal experience which angered him just because he witness someone close to him being hurt which had me feeling disempowered. Now one has to imagine how much collective amassed anger must be developing in black homes, where victims of pain, humiliation and disempowerment at the hands of white people during the Apartheid era reside. He went on to explain that as a white person he tries to understand the hurt but that no matter how hard he does just never will. REFERENCE: News24. (2018). White, privileged and ignorant. [online] Available at: https://www.news24.com/MyNews24/white-privileged-and-ignorant-20180410 [Accessed 19 Jul. 2018]. Source J The article talks about Julius Malema Economic Freedom Fighters leader and the promise he has made to fight against white privilege. White people resent those who talk out about the subject of white privilege and that this can be seen by what is happening with the Democratic Alliance party leader Musi Maimane. Black people are not taken seriously and they will not be discouraged from fighting whiteness and white privilege and that there are different rules for the different races in South Africa. The journalist replies to a march that took place in Johannesburg to Sandton where no weapons were allowed, where there was no intention or attempt to injure a white person, where roads werent obstructed, where every single one of the participants followed the orders of the officers of the law as they lead them to their destination. Such a march can have them labeled as fascists. But as soon as white people participate in their separate marches in Pretoria where they are armed and have an intent to harm and cause havoc no journalist would dare to call them fascist. Tshidi furthermore expresses white members within the African National Congress are not speak able to speak in an indigenous language, but we hear them say Amandla a slogan which they have used throughout their lives but cannot put in the effort to pronounce it correctly. She discusses how lives were lost during the liberation movement for the people but never truly tried to learn or understand the languages of the people they are dying for. Worst of all ANC senior veterans are well known for promoting white privilege as there were cases of there being two families one white and the other black both arrived in Lusaka after being driven there together. They were then separated the black family being moved to the camps while the white to apartments. REFERENCE: Madia, T. (2018). EFF wont be discouraged from fighting against whiteness and white privilege Malema. [online] News24. Available at: https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/eff-wont-be-discouraged-from-fighting-against-whiteness-and-white-privilege-malema-20180511 [Accessed 19 Jul. 2018]. Source K The source talks about the reactions Musi Maimane received after his comments about white privilege and poverty, and him basically making comments to challenge these issues. Put off course by race has exposed our hypersensitivities and worst of all how far off we are from the rainbow nation we aspire to be when we started in 1994, as soon as one refers to colour in terms of race, black or white in a debate expect it to deteriorate into a finger pointing, name calling argument. In the view of the writer the TRC (Truth And Reconciliation Commission) was nothing but a merely lost opportunity, as it failed to serve its purpose all it did was put a plaster over a raw, deep septic wound and as a result racial groups today still feel the pain and anger caused by an era of oppression and separation as it was never truly dealt with. He went on to explain that the DA feels it should be the ruling party now because the ANC has failed to unite the people of South Africa and refusing to take responsibly for its failures as a party and government. White citizens feel their sense of belonging is being threatened while the blacks feel disregarded by the binary talk of white and black, and still feel excluded and ignored. Maimane feels that racial inequality needs to be dealt with first. Because he fears if it is not done it could cause civil violence. But to avoid it he feels a solution to unifying South Africa could be found when all share their stories and listen to them with empathy because it takes one party to reach out when two parties are in conflict. Oppression and persecution of blacks was a direct result of supremacist beliefs of white people caused by faulty race science created by white people, years of colonial settlement scratched aggregate structural Eurocentric domination in worldwide societies, economies, and politics. The sins from our forefathers are exactly that, our forefathers sins, they do not need us to apologies or even feel guilty for them as they are not ours. The writer then goes on to discuss that there are a large number of financially struggling whites and wealthy blacks but they are part of statistical margins. And that statistics prove to us that if life was a 400 meter race white people have a 4 second head start and a lot less hurdles to go over compared to their black counterparts. The writer then goes on to admit having white privilege of dolls represent their skin color and image, hotel shampoos that cater for their hair type, haircare products that they can find in anywhere, nude referring to their stocks or makeup that matches up to their skin color but not to their son whos haircare products can only be found in the ethnic section. The writer even expressed they can go out and apply for a loan and mark themselves as white under the race category simply carries more weight than their pay slip because automatically its assumed theyve got more collateral. And that admitting privilege does not mean one undermines the value, talent and self-made successes of those without privilege many individuals without privilege have succeeded through their own efforts and talents. In the view of the writer black poverty was contributed to by blacks being removed from their homes and their right to own land taken away from them while whites were granted legislated privilege to own land. The DA wants to right this by raising the standard of living of individuals left out from opportunity, by pushing forward land reform and restitution. The writer then addresses that black people are asking is white people acknowledge white privilege and realize it does not take away from honoring those who had to suffer to liberate our country, offering respect to those who built our country, or from placing belief that South Africa belongs to all that live in it. The DA believes reconciliation can bring real effect to the intention of our constitution and that our countrys most powerful resource is its people and their energy working together in a shared hope and goal. The writer then goes on to raise their opinion that the DA wants to redress the issues of today, by firstly removing the ANC government and instilling its own polices that will attempt to dismantle white privilege, and close the inequality gap. REFERENCE: News24. (2018). White privilege, black poverty and the DA offer. [online] Available at: https://www.news24.com/Columnists/GuestColumn/white-privilege-black-poverty-and-the-da-offer-20180514 [Accessed 19 Jul. 2018]. Source L The article talks about Mmusi Maimane the DA leader, and him being put under attack by his own senior colleagues in parliament because of his comments of black poverty and white privilege having to be confronted. Members of the DA confessed they were afraid that his comments would alienate white voters before the next election and they are much needed since they need their votes to get control over Gauteng. MP Ghaleb Cachalia came to the aid of the party leader stating that the topic is complex and needs party leaders to gather and discuss. The writer discusses how this internal battle inside the DA is a result of worry that arose from the confrontation. Worry that came from a place of fear as members felt that this would directly or indirectly affect their positions and the kinds of impacts it will have on their jobs as senior white party members in government and parliament while those who see the bigger picture with Mmusi said the ambush is on a bigger fight. About the candidate selection processes that should put more black people on the DAs seats in Parliament. The writer feels Mmusis comments provided a platform to his opponents within the party to now challenge him on the diversity note. The article furthermore discusses Mmusis talks of diversifying the lists and his comments about white privilege having created uncertainty in people about their positions feeling they may not be secure anymore. The journalist goes onto point out theres a need for the DA to show diversification and that their lists will entail more black people. And that Mmusis test of leadership will be on the results of the lists processes. The article furthermore went on to discuss how Mmusi has refused to apologies for his comments or for trying to change the party, since South Africa remains a unequal society in which black citizens remain left out of opportunities. And that the effects of apartheid are still seen today and the ANC has done nothing to deconstruct the inequality. Since the DA feels it can do what the ANC has failed at. The journalist went to explain that the liberation of one race will not cause the enslavery of another, and the journalist feels that thats what white people fear, but thats not the case as he also feels if all people were to come together as humans and see the injustice to one we can then all work together to resolve and reprimand it. The same as if one was on site of a women being abused there would be no need for them to be women to get involved to stop the injustice. The writer goes on to discuss how inequality is still persistent in our country where a white child grew up to an expensive education while a black child to peanuts price. These being the systems that create the problems we have today and the only consistent measure for inequality we have today is race. The journalist even points out one cant even use income as a measure since the results will not be accurate because white South Africans still earn more than their black counterparts. This leading the point where we a s people label blacks as poor because whites are rich but in reality black people are poor because of their history and a past of being separated that created injustice. And that we are run by a government that has failed to set up reforms. REFERENCE: Cele, S. (2018). Mmusi Maimane feels pressure as white privilege race row rocks DA. [online] News24. Available at: https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/mmusi-maimane-feels-pressure-as-white-privilege-race-row-rocks-da-20180506 [Accessed 19 Jul. 2018].